Hi guys,
I am trying to assemble a simple procedure.
If I try to assemble the following:
.386
OPTION CASEMAP:NONE
include \masm32\include\masm32rt.inc
MyProc PROC
RET
MyProc ENDP
.DATA
.CODE
start:
CALL MyProc
INVOKE ExitProcess, NULL
END start
then I am getting three assembly-time errors:
Test.asm(5) : error A2034: must be in segment block : MyProc
Test.asm(6) : error A2034: must be in segment block
Test.asm(7) : fatal error A1010: unmatched block nesting : MyProc
If I try using prototypes,
.386
OPTION CASEMAP:NONE
include \masm32\include\masm32rt.inc
MyProc PROTO
.DATA
.CODE
start:
CALL MyProc
INVOKE ExitProcess, NULL
END start
MyProc PROC
RET
MyProc ENDP
then it assembles without error but then I get the following linking error:
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _MyProc@0
fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
Help, please.
.DATA
MyVar dd 123
.CODE
MyProc PROC
RET
MyProc ENDP
start:
Hi,
just move your MyProc into the .CODE section:
.386
OPTION CASEMAP:NONE
include \masm32\include\masm32rt.inc
MyProc PROTO
.DATA
.CODE
start:
CALL MyProc
INVOKE ExitProcess, NULL
;-------------------
MyProc PROC
RET
MyProc ENDP
END start
if you are using masm32rt.inc, you do not need .386 or OPTION CASEMAP:NONE, as that file has them
.386
.model flat, stdcall
option casemap:none
.code
start:
ret
end start
Great stuff, thanks a lot.
Hi,
I'am new to this forum. I want to learn assembly. I got almost 1,5 years of experience with C++ with creating video games + 1 year of Java programming. In the last few days i searched a lot on this forum. Also i tryed to create some super tinny programs. Like adding a nummer or substracting a number.
I replyed on this thread because i got a few questions about procedures (PROC). Is a procedure something similair like a method in java or a function in C++?
Here is my second question;
Below you see my code. What i try to do is initialize a variable called testInt. Via a procedure i want to add a value to it. This code assembles oké. I get no errors. But when i click on the .exe file my program crashes.
.386
.model flat,stdcall
option casemap:none
include \masm32\include\windows.inc
include \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
include \masm32\include\user32.inc
includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib
MyProc proto
.data
format1 db 'The value of eax = %d',0
capt db 'Hello',0
testInt=7
.data?
buffer db 100 dup(?)
.code
start:
invoke MyProc
invoke wsprintf,ADDR buffer,ADDR format1,eax
invoke MessageBox,0,ADDR buffer,ADDR capt,MB_OK
invoke ExitProcess,0
MyProc proc
add eax, 10
MyProc endp
END start
Could somebody explain what i'am doing wrong?
JayJay.
welcome to the forum, JayJay :U
first, i am a little surprised that it assembles :P
wsprintf should be an unresolved external, as kernel32 and user32 do not have it, as far as i know
you might want to add
include \masm32\include\msvcrt.inc
includelib \masm32\lib\msvcrt.lib
or, you can use masm32rt.inc, which takes care of most preamble stuff, including processor and model
second, your proc has no ret
MyProc proc
add eax, 10
ret
MyProc endp
try this
INCLUDE \masm32\include\masm32rt.inc
MyProc proto
.data
capt db 'Hello',0
.code
start:
mov eax,0
invoke MyProc
invoke MessageBox,0,ustr$(eax),ADDR capt,MB_OK
invoke ExitProcess,0
MyProc proc
add eax, 10
ret
MyProc endp
END start
Thank you verry much for your reply. Hahah you'r code works super smooth. :clap:
About your code i got a silly question. When i read about masm you need to specify wich instruction set you will use, .386, .486(p) Why assembles you code correctly without it? And also you code has no .MODEL stdcall.
Is a procedure something similair as a function in c++?
i used the masm32rt.inc file
have a look inside that file - it takes care of processor, model, casemap, includes, and libraries
sometimes, you may need to modify the values after the masm32rt include directive
for example, some instructions require a higher processor or additional directives
another example is additional includes and/or libraries, like advapi32
from my understanding of C - yes - a function is similar to a procedure
we sometimes refer to them as routines :P
Aha oki thank you verry much for your explanation. I'll take a look at the file.
I'am a student. In the last 1,5 years i have learned several names for the same thing. Function, prodecure, method(accessor method, mutator method) and a new one 'routines'. :bdg
yes - and let's not forget "class", which makes no sense to me - lol
Dave,
wsprintf does look like a CRT function, but it's actually from User32.dll, and it does not support the floating-point type specification:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647550(VS.85).aspx
Hi,
I'am expirementing with writinging proc. I've written a few proc without arguments. Also i have written one proc with one argument. A DWORD. So a DWORD is a 32 bit unsigned int. So i can only put positive numbers in the variable.
So i tryed to create a new proc so that i could give signed int als argument. So i took the reference of msdn. It says that i need a SDWORD, a 32 signed integer.
proto.:
addArg proto blaat:SDWORD
and the function.:
addArg proc blaat:SDWORD
add eax, blaat
ret
addArg endp
invoke.:
invoke addArg, -10
When i put instead of '-10', 10 as argument, the output is ok (i write the value of eax to a message box).
When i put as argument value '-10' i get a strange value. 4294967286. Hmm ok it isn't that strange it is the maximum 32 unsigned int value.
On the internet i read something that every register holds a DWORD. So every register only fits a 32 unsigned int. But how do i store a negative value in a register?
JayJay.
Hi,
QuoteWhat i try to do is initialize a variable called testInt.
...
...
testInt=7
to initialize an unsigned/signed integer:
testInt DWORD 7 ; unsigned
testInt dd 7 ; same as above but less typing :-)
testInt SDWORD 7 ; signedQuote
When i put as argument value '-10' i get a strange value.
....
But how do i store a negative value in a register?
You simply "mov" the value to the register:
mov eax,-10
If you know your value is signed, use str$(eax), if unsigned --> ustr$(eax), OR
invoke dwtoa,eax,ADDR someText to convert SIGNED value to Ascii.
hth
Hi cobold,
I succeeded thank you verry much. :U The problem was just super small. I needed to change this line
invoke MessageBox,0, ustr$(eax),ADDR capt,MB_OK
into:
invoke MessageBox,0, str$(eax),ADDR capt,MB_OK